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Depending on the budget, location, and extent of the tooth decay, there are a lot of different dental filling materials that can be used by dentists, including the following:

• Gold
• Composite resin
• Porcelain
• Ceramic
• Silver amalgam
• Glass ionomer

Each type of dental filling material has its advantages and disadvantages that a good dentist will have to weigh carefully. Gold filling material, for example, lasts a very long time, but is very expensive. Composite filling materials can be easily matched with the color of the surrounding tooth but may chip depending on the location of the tooth being restored.

Direct fillings are self-explanatory. They are simply dental filling materials that are placed directly into the cavity of the tooth that is being restored.

Indirect fillings, on the other hand, are a bit more complicated and require an additional visit to the dentist. They are made in a dental laboratory and are used in cases where the damaged tooth no longer has enough structure to support the filling materials. 

After the decayed part of the tooth is removed, an impression of the shape of the tooth is recorded and used to make an accurate indirect filling in the laboratory.

Every dental filling material has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Composite resin fillings are aesthetically pleasing and directly bind to the tooth structure, preserving more healthy tissue. They are tooth-colored and fit in flawlessly with natural teeth. But over time, they could deteriorate and are not as strong as materials like amalgam. 

Although amalgam fillings are inexpensive and long-lasting, they contain mercury and show a prominent silver tint, which raises concerns. 

Glass ionomer fillings release fluoride to prevent decay but may not be as durable as other options. There are compromises with each material, and the selection is influenced by several factors, including patient preferences, placement, durability, and aesthetics.

When selecting dental filling materials, the location of the tooth, aesthetic preferences, and functional requirements are key considerations. 

For posterior teeth, which endure higher chewing forces, durable materials like dental amalgam or composite resin are commonly used. Amalgam is favored in high-stress areas due to its proven durability, while composite resin is preferred for its tooth-like appearance, making it ideal for visible posterior fillings. 

For anterior teeth, where aesthetics are crucial, tooth-colored materials like ceramic or composite resin are recommended. Composite resins offer excellent aesthetics and can be matched to the natural tooth color, ideal for front teeth restorations. Ceramics, like porcelain, combine aesthetics with durability, suitable for anterior restorations that require both appearance and strength. 

The choice of filling material ultimately depends on a detailed evaluation of each patient's specific needs and preferences.